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belongs to a large family Clusiaceae and is widely distributed along the swamps of low land tropical rainforests of tropical countries like Madagascar, Cameroon, Uganda, Gabon, Nigeria, Panama, Brazil and Colombia. With the rapidly growing drug resistance especially among microorganisms, plants are potential sources of novel antibiotics and drugs but only 15% of the world’s higher plants had been systematically investigated for bioactivity. Due to this, the WHO has advocated for the incorporation of herbal medicine into the public health care systems of the different countries through authentication of the herbal extracts using modern scientific techniques. In developing countries, the limited number of modern health care workers has contributed greatly to the continued usage of traditional medicine, for instance, the ratio of traditional healers to the population in Africa is 1:500 whereas the ratio of medical doctors to the population is 1:40,000. This is attributed to several factors including, limited availability and accessibility of the pharmaceutical products, high prices of the drugs, side effects associated with the pharmaceutical drugs and the society’s growing general disapproval of the modern pharmaceutical drugs. The past two decades have witnessed an incredible increase in acceptance and public interest in natural therapies both in developing and developed countries. This could indicate the growing popularity and usage of traditional medicine among the people.
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Currently, 149 (88%) of the 170 member states of the world health organization (WHO) acknowledge the usage and regulation of traditional medicine including herbal medicines for primary health care greatly higher than the 64 (37%) member states as of the year 2000. The usage of natural products of plant or animal origin for medicine dates back to prehistoric times at least 60,000 years ago. abyssinicus possess a wide range of bioactive phytochemical compounds but have weak antimicrobial activity against S. The leaves and stem bark crude extracts of S. abyssinicus leaf water extract combination had an additive effect (ΣFICI = 1) against P. abyssinicus stem bark water extract and A. globulifera leaf methanol extract combination had a synergistic activity (ΣFICI = 0.37) against S. abyssinicus had in-vitro bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa but weak fungistatic activity against Candida albicans. Generally, methanol and water extracts of S.
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The leaves and stem bark of both plants have a diverse set of phytochemical compounds of variable polarity including, tannins, alkaloids, flavonoids, saponins, quinones and anthraquinones among others. Antimicrobial activity was analysed by agar well diffusion assay, broth macro-dilution assay and fractional inhibition concentration index (FICI). Preliminary qualitative screening and thin layer chromatography were used for phytochemical profiling. Cold maceration, decoction and infusion with methanol, water and ethyl acetate as solvents were used in phytochemical extraction. The stem bark and leaves of both plants were collected from Bwindi Impenetrable National Park and air-dried under shade at room temperature. This study aimed at determining the phytochemical profile and antimicrobial activity of these two plants.
Article text extractor skin#
Symphonia globulifera and Allophylus abyssinicus are used in the management of skin rashes and sores, cough, malaria, digestive diseases, stomach ache, wounds and helminthic infections among others in Uganda, Kenya, Ethiopia, Cameroon.